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How early tetrapods got their neck

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As fish evolved into four-limbed creatures, their skull separated from their shoulders to form a neck. Now we learn that this early neck was surprisingly rigid.

By

  1. Tatsuya Hirasawa

    1. Tatsuya Hirasawa is in the Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

In the Ballad of a Thin Man, Bob Dylan sang about a bewildered individual:

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-03061-8

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Competing Interests

The author declares no competing interests.

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